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Saturday, May 4, 2024
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Case Studies |
Making Gifts of Stock That Arrive Before Santa Does, Year End Gifts – Part 4
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Case:
Don Gregory, 60, is a very control-oriented businessman. In fact, his business philosophy is best summed up as “my way or the highway.” While sometimes difficult to work with, Don nevertheless has achieved substantial business success in his life. His quick decision-making skills and solid commitment to a plan has catapulted his company onto the Fortune 1000 list. It seems Don’s “way” proved financially fruitful over the past 20 years.
As suspected, Don likes to control many other aspects of his life as well. One such aspect is his charitable giving. Don annually gives to charity. While very philanthropic, Don is extremely selective with his giving. Specifically, Don looks for a well-run charity with minimal overhead costs. Like his company, Don wants to see his dollars effectively used and not dissipated on “excessive” expenses.
This year Don wants to give $50,000 toward the construction of a new church, which will seat over 5,000 people. In addition to its enormous size, the church will be constructed with a giant gold dome as its centerpiece. The gold dome is expected to draw thousands of visitors each year. The final construction is near completion, but the church is still in need of some final funding. Specifically, the church needs money to complete the enormous gold dome.
The church would like to have the work done before Christmas and Don wants to help achieve that goal. Unfortunately, it is already December 20, and Don is worried his check will not reach the church in time. (Don is on the East Coast and the church is on the West Coast.) In addition, Don wants his $50,000 charitable contribution deductible this year.
Question:
Don wonders if he could make the gift to the church using his credit card. If so, when is the gift complete for federal tax purposes? When is the gift deductible? When the charge is made or paid?
Solution:
The basic rule is that a gift to a charity, charitable trust or gift annuity is deductible when the property or cash is delivered to a charity. Because state law normally governs title to property, the delivery is usually complete under state law when the charity has legal ownership of the property. However, in some specific circumstances, there are examples in the income tax regulations that supersede the state laws. One such specific circumstance deals with gifts by credit card.
Credit cards are deductible in the year when the charges are made on the card owner’s account. Since credit card charges are normally immediately created by electronic debit on an account, the credit card gift is immediately deductible. Furthermore, because a legal obligation is immediately created, Treasury does not consider this a mere promissory note or promise to pay. However, a more appropriate analogy is that the taxpayer has created a legal debt and is now using borrowed funds to make the gift immediately. See Rev. Rul. 78-38. Thus, a donor could make a gift by credit card on December 31 of year one and pay the bill the following January 30 in year two. The credit card donation, nevertheless, would be deductible in year one.
Don is very pleased with this flexibility and this rule. Consequently, Don decides to charge the $50,000 gift to his credit card on December 20. As a multi-millionaire and CEO of a Fortune 1000 company, Don’s credit limit is large enough to accept such a charge. Using the gift for collateral, the church is able to continue its work. In fact, the church completed the gold dome right on schedule. Therefore, in the end, Don made a major charitable gift this year, contributed greatly to a cause he cares about and saved taxes.
Editor’s Note: A gift by credit card is becoming a more popular gift method. The convenience of this gift method suggests that it will be more widely used in the future. In addition, with the increasing use of the Internet and expanding charities’ websites, credit card gifts are likely to substantially increase in the future.
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